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Migrating your Microsoft Windows Terminal Servers to a Presentation Server Farm

Suppose you have some terminal servers already deployed and now you are ready to move them into a Presentation Server environment. This video describes the process of adding Presentation Server to existing terminal servers. (Running time: 33:21 minutes)

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Transcript : Hello. This is Brian Madden. In this video, we’re going to focus on how you add Citrix Presentation Server to an existing deployment of Microsoft Terminal Servers. So the idea here is you have Terminal Server, are using it for production, you have users and applications and all this kind of stuff, and you’ve just made the decision that you’re gonna go ahead and use Citrix Presentation Server. So now, what do you do? Now we’re not going to focus on how you install Presentation Server and all that kind of stuff. Rather, we’re going to focus on, from an architectural standpoint, what you need to know about Presentation Server to be successful in your design and deployment as you migrate from pure Terminal Server to using terminal servers with the Citrix Presentation Server enhancements. That said, probably the most important thing you can do to be successful with Citrix Presentation Server, is to understand Citrix Presentation Server. And if you’re watching this video, then clearly you like seeing things in video format and not reading--and who among us doesn’t?—so Citrix actually has several technology videos that have been created by people like me, as well as employees in Citrix and other colleagues outside of Citrix. People have come together to create these videos, and there are videos on Citrix’s web site now that explain things like Citrix Presentation Server Farm design and Server Architecture and Printing and Licensing and all sorts of things. And there’s constantly more videos being added. So if you want to have a good core understanding of how Presentation Server works, there’s actually several videos you can go online and look at that’ll go on to explain a lot of that kind of stuff. And they’re going to go into a lot of stuff we talk about in this video much more in depth. Certainly also, Citrix will be continuing to make future videos, so if you have any ideas for things you’d like to see moving forward, certainly let them know. I think, before we start looking at the specifics of what you need to understand about Presentation Server, it’s important to mention that there’s actually a few different editions of Presentation Server. And so, sort of the editions that most people are familiar with are these bottom three here, which are the full Citrix Presentation Server product. But then there’s the Standard Edition, an Advanced Edition, and an Enterprise Edition. And of course the higher up you go in the editions, then the more features you have for the higher licensing fees. But the Standard Edition is sort of Citrix’s base-level product. The Advanced Edition adds multi-server load managements, so you can have single applications published across multiple servers, and the system itself will figure out which user should be connected to which servers. Then the Enterprise Edition is what has all of the Presentations Server features. So this includes things like performance management and monitoring and application compatibility and isolation, automatic software translation, all sorts of things like that. I think it’s also worth pointing out is there’s a lesser-known product here that’s actually called Citrix Access Essentials. And Citrix Access Essentials is a single server with a maximum of 75 user product that’s made for small and medium businesses. Citrix Access Essentials is very similar conceptually to Microsoft Small Business Server. So the technology is based on Citrix Presentation Server and the other products in the access suite, but they’ve created a whole bunch of wizards to kind of step you through things and make it really easy to use and really easy to deploy. So if your environment is only going to be one server with less than 75 users, then Citrix Access Essentials is definitely the way to go. So the first question a lot of people ask when they think about adding Presentation Server to their existing Terminal Server environment is, “Can we just install Presentation Server on top of our Terminal Servers, or do we actually need to rip everything out and reinstall from scratch?” And the good news is that, yes, from a technical standpoint, you can just install Presentation Server right on top of that existing Terminal Server. It doesn’t matter if you have users, if you have applications, if you have everything. Just get your users logged off, go in on a Friday night, go ahead pop that Citrix CD in, and run that Citrix Presentation Server Installation, and it’s gonna work just fine. And then you can set up your applications, and within a couple hours probably be ready to go and have users start connecting within that environment. Of course, if you have your servers—maybe they’re all different, or they’re acting a little weird, or you just want to take this opportunity to reinstall from scratch—obviously this is a fine time to do it, and that will be okay. But there’s nothing technically wrong with installing Presentation Server on top of an existing production Terminal Server. I guess I should add the footnote there that you still want to do your lab testing and make sure that everything works out okay, but the technology’s pretty solid. If you go ahead and do the upgrade, there’s a couple things that are important to know. One is not to use the driveremap utility from Citrix. This driveremap utility is basically a tool that goes in and changes your server drive letters so that they do not conflict with client drive letters when clients are mapping drives within their Citrix sessions. It’s a fine tool, but the thing is it changes the drive letters of your server. So, as you can imagine, if you have an existing terminal server, and you’ve got applications installed, and profiles and script, some logons, and all this kind of stuff set up, you don’t want to be running some tool that goes in there and changes the drive letters. So, if you’re doing an upgrade, don’t use the driveremap utility. If you’re doing a replacement, where you’re installing Citrix first, go ahead and use that, because you can remap the drives first, and then install applications on top of that. The other thing about Presentation Server with regard to application compatibility is that if you have your applications installed on your terminal server, and they’re working, they should work fine within the Presentation Server environments. The only thing you really need to be aware of is that Presentation Server can provide applications in a seamless windows way. And we’ll look at seamless windows more in a little bit, but the key here with seamless windows, is seamless windows is a little bit different under the hood than connecting to a desktop like the users do in the full terminal server environments. So some applications out of the box might not perform exactly right with seamless windows. Fortunately there are many registry tweaks we can use to tweak and tune the performance of how Citrix handles these seamless windows. So you should be able to get all your applications working, but you do want to spend some time in the lab and test and make sure that all the applications you have currently work in the seamless windows mode. The next thing that’s important to take into consideration is user access. And I guess by user access I’m talking about how the users actually connect to your Presentation Servers, how they run applications, how the things are launched, and how that all works. You know, today if you’re using Terminal Server, then your users are connecting with the RDP protocol. And the RDP protocol’s gonna use port 3389. It’s the built-in remote desktop computer protocol for Terminal Server—works great. Of course Citrix has their own protocol called the ICA protocol. ICA protocol’s gonna use port 1494 or 2598, depending on the options you have. The ICA protocol is a better service computing protocol than the RDP protocol, because Citrix has developed this specifically for server-based computing. ICA is typically gonna use less bandwidth, it’s gonna have some more intelligence with cacheing and performance management and the way it handles the data moving back and forth with the client. Now the thing is, with Citrix Presentation Server you can connect via RDP or ICA. From a technical standpoint it doesn’t matter which you choose. But the important fact, though, is that ICA is the better server-based computing protocol. So you’ll want to get your users off of RDP and get them onto ICA. Of course that means they need the ICA client software installed on their workstations instead of the remote desktop connection software that they have. So you have to think about deployment and things like that. Again, we’ll take a deeper look at this later on in this video. The second thing you need to think about with regard to user access is how the users are actually establishing their connections. So when you’ve got a desktop user today who wants to establish a connection on Terminal Server, what do they do? Do you have shortcuts to RDP files that are in the start menu or on their desktop? Are they going to a web page with a Terminal Server Web Client ActiveX Control? Maybe they’re just using their remote desktop connection software, and they’re manually typing in a server name and connecting to it that way. The thing is, once you move to a Citrix Presentation Server environment, you will need to connect in via ICA to the Citrix server. So you’re gonna have to sort of convert your users from using the old way of establishing their sessions to using the new way. And again, that’s also something we’ll take a look at more in-depth later on in this video. The final thing that’s important here, though, is sort of a conceptual change that you need to understand. And that is that, conceptually, when you’re using Citrix Presentation Server, users are connecting to applications, whereas Terminal Server, the users connect to servers. So what I mean is in the Presentation Server environment, users connect to—let’s say a user wants to use Word—they just say, “Give me Word,” and the system automatically figures out what server they need to connect to and routes them to the proper one and takes care of all that kind of stuff for them. And then Word just starts. Whereas within the Terminal Server environment, a user cannot connect to just Word. A user has to connect to a server. Now if you want to have that server dedicated to using Word, that’s fine. But what happens is that means that whenWord.exe is your initial application. So the user is connecting to a server; once that connection is established, then they launch the application. Whereas with Citrix, it’s kind of backwards: they request the application; the system figures out what server they need to connect to. I think it’s pretty easy to understand that application-centric access approach is much more intuitive for the users, because the users don’t really care about servers and back-ends and that kind of stuff. They just say, “You know what, I need Word. Give me Word.” So Citrix is cool in that way. But as I said, as an administrator, that’s something you need to think about. And I guess I should point out that using Presentation Server, it is still possible for your users to connect directly to desktops. But even if that’s done, you’re typically going to want to make the desktop available via Citrix’s load balancing and things like that that we’ll look at a little bit later. We’ve talked about these seamless windows and this application-centric approach to access. Let’s actually go ahead and look at some of this stuff. So I’m going to jump I onto my presentation here. Okay, so I’ve jumped onto my desktop here, and I will launch Program Neighborhood, and I’ve got my icon for Wordpad. So again notice, this thing doesn’t have anything to say about servers or anything like that. I just double-click Wordpad, and my connection is started. Now meanwhile, while all that happened, it was figuring out what server I need to connect to, and off I go. So now you see, I’m using the application, which is Wordpad. And this Wordpad application looks like a regular local application. In fact, I can grab the corner, I can resize it, I can maximize it, I can put it back to the smaller size, so I’ve got this application that’s all ready to go. I can even minimize it and put it down into my bar down here, and I can alt-tab through, and you see here that there is Wordpad. It’s got the ICA letters superimposed to indicate that it’s a remote application. But other than that, it looks like a local application. So from the Citrix standpoint, as I said, the focus is on the applications, not the servers. And so the applications are available seamlessly to the user; the user feels like the applications are running locally. So now, I want to jump on a server real quick. This is the Presentation Server I was just connecting to, and look at how these applications are done in this way. So if I was looking at my list of applications here, I’d see Wordpad is the only application that I have. But I can right-click and do Publishing Application, and let’s now publish—I don’t know—Calculator. So I’ll go ahead and go through this. I’ll browse out, find calculator on here. Okay, I’m just going to kind of move next-next-next through these kinds of things here, and I’m not really going to talk about these options we have because these are things that we will talk about in other videos. But I just want to go through there, I’ll add some servers to it, I’ll add some users, and some of these people in here. And that’s it. So now I’ve made a calculator available. And so now if I go back to my client workstation—look at this—Calculator is right there. I can double click, and there’s my calculator that’s launched. And notice I can again resize it, if I change to a different size here. And you’ll see if I alt-tab through here that Calculator has the ICA icon on it, indicating that this is a remote application. So again, from the user’s standpoint, the user’s not focusing on connecting to a server; rather, they are focusing on connecting to an application, and the system on the back-end figures out what server is most appropriate for them. So that’s kind of cool stuff. So now that we’ve seen how these applications are available in an application-centric and seamless way, we need to look at how the users are actually going to connect into the applications. So, as I mentioned earlier, this actually involves two things. Number one: How are you actually going to get that ICA client software out onto your desktop workstations? Because they need to use the ICA software instead of the remote desktop connection software? And two: How will they actually launch the sessions? Will they do that via the Start Menu and running programs and links from the Start Menu? Or will they do that by going to a web site? Maybe currently you have a Terminal Server web client ActiveX-control based site, and you want to migrate that forward to a Citrix web interface site. So I want to look at this real quick. So I’m going to jump onto here again and connect into my web server. So Citrix has a product called Citrix Web Interface. And I’ve done an install of that product here. It’s actually pretty straightforward and pretty easy to do. And with this Citrix Web Interface product, I can actually create full web interfaces, ready to go, full portals, out of the box that connect into my Presentation Server environment. So to do that, I’m just going to right click and choose Create Sites, and I want to create a site that connects to a metaframe presentation server. Okay, so let’s call this site, let’s call it Citrix Video, since that’s what we’re doing now. And I’ll choose Next. And now I just need to add the server that I’m connecting to. This is 10.1.1.72 is the server that I was on when I published those applications earlier. And so just click Next through here. Again, there’s other Citrix videos that explain web interface in full detail, so I don’t really want to go through all the details now, but I just want to show how easy it was for me to go ahead and create that site. And so now, here, if I go to my browser on my client, and I have here—it’s called what, Citrix Video, I think we called it?—now I can log in here. Notice also where it said, “The previous web page might require the following add-on: Citrix ICA Client Object.” So if we are using the web interface, then it will pop up the ActiveX control and try to do the installation just like users are used to on the web. Also in here you can see I’ve got links to download the client. If I did not do it this previous screen, I can click here, and I can download the client and get it installed there. Well anyway notice I went ahead, and I logged in to that with my standard credentials, and I’ve got these two applications right here. I’ve got Calculator and Wordpad. These are the exact same two applications that were provided to me previously within my local program neighborhood software. So I can close this, and I can close that, and let’s close out of my applications…No. And so now I can sort of kill two birds with one stone, ‘cause number one, if I decide to import in Presentation Server, I can migrate my users very easily. A: all I have to do is set up a web interface, and you saw how simple it was to create that web site. You know, I did not have to do any sort of creation with this web site at all. Now, yes, I can go in there and customize it for my environment. But, really, all I did—is what?--click Next, Next, Next, point it to my server. It contacted my server automatically to find the applications. It only shows the applications here that users are authorized to use, and we’ll look at that more later on. But now I can click Wordpad and make the connection right here, via this web interface. And now I’m using the same thing that I was using before. And so I can also click on Calculator, I can run these applications. And so you see there, that it’s very simple to very integrate it for the users to access. So now I’ve got my Calculator, now I’ve got my Wordpad, and I can still alt-tab through them. What’s interesting here is it doesn’t matter that I launched these via the web page. I can actually close the web page altogether and see these applications are just like regular ICA applications and fully integrated with the local applications that I might have within that environment. So this is pretty cool stuff. Now, if you want—I’m not going to go into the details here—but if you instead want users to launch applications via the Start Menu, it is possible. Citrix has a client version that they call the Citrix Program Neighborhood Agent. And what happens is that’s a little piece of agent software that runs on your local workstation and will contact this web interface server in the background and populate your Start Menu with the icons for you automatically. So if you prefer that your users access their applications via the Start Menu icons, then they can go ahead and do that. And what’s cool when you’re using the agent, that’s going to go ahead and handle file type associations and everything. So, if you have Visio published as a remote Citrix Presentation Server application, a user can get a Visio document in their e-mail, double click that document, and it will go ahead and launch the remote instance and open that Visio diagram directly within the remote application. So, pretty cool stuff. Well, moving right along. The other thing that’s very interesting from the Presentation Server standpoint that’s a big change from your Terminal Server is load balancing. What I mean by this, is load balancing is built right in to that whole application publishing and seamless windows process. So you know that with pure Terminal Server, Microsoft does not offer any really solid load balancing solutions out of the box. Now, yes, there is the network load balancing which is built into Windows. That is okay, but unfortunately the load balancing algorithm is based purely on the network load. Well, with Citrix load balancing, you can actually load balance based on many different metrics. I mean, you can load balance on, you know, the numbers of users on a server by CPU usage, paging, per second memory usage, all sorts of different things. And so all of that technology is baked right into the product. Also, the session directory capabilities of Terminal Server, which is a little access data base that keeps track of which users are logged into which servers so that users can be routed to reconnect to disconnect an application—that’s all built into the Citrix Presentation Server also. So you don’t actually have to run a separate session directory with Terminal Server; that’s all built into the Citrix product. So, lets kind of look at some of these load balancing things. And to do that I’ll go back to my Presentation Server. Couple of things. First of all, remember I just published Calculator. And so if I look at the properties of this calculator, and I see the servers that it’s published on, I made Calculator available just on the one server here. If I want to now make Calculator available on two servers, then I just add that server to it, and that’s it. Now this is not actually installing Calculator, because in this particular case Calculator—you know, Calc.exe--was already existing on both of my servers. But if I have an application that’s installed only on one server, all I need to do is go to the second server, install the application on the second server, and then add the second server as a list of services configured for that application in here. And then click okay. And that’s it. And now I’m a user whether they access via program neighborhood, or the agent or web interface. Whenever they request that Calculator application, the system is going to go through and figure out what server is most appropriate for them, which one has the least amount of load, or where the disconnected sessions are, or anything like that. Then it’s going to reconnect them in automatically. There is a video, a Citrix technology video about Citrix Farm Design that talks more in depth about this kind of thing. I can actually tune and tweak this load evaluator is what Citrix calls it, so I can actually take a look at the servers that I have and configure different load evaluators. So maybe I want to build some load evaluators that have special load things, so I can make server load based on, as I said, CPU, you know, disk, IP range memory, all sorts of kinds of things. So again, I’m not going to go into the details right here. But the bottom line is that , if I build multiple Presentation Servers, and add those to the published application configured server list, then the load balancing happens automatically. It’s all built right in. So that’s cool stuff. Now, let’s take a look at some of the configuration settings, ‘cause you’ve seen me using the Citrix Java console for managing my servers. And I want to kind of talk about that because Citrix, of course, has their own configuration data base. And again, this is covered more in other videos, but the short version is, if I had multiple Citrix Presentation Servers, they actually use a data base, and this can be an Oracle data base, or a Sequel data base, or whatever. They store their configuration in a central data base. That’s kind of different than Microsoft Terminal Server, which don’t really have a central data base for storing their configuration information. Most Terminal Server information is stored in the registry of a local terminal server. So jump back on my server here. And so this management console that I’ve been using is saving and reading its information from that centralized data base ,which Citrix calls the Data Storm. Well I can also look here at maybe administrative tools. I have things like my terminal services configuration. And perhaps you have been used to using the terminal services configuration to set certain options for your terminal server. Maybe you looked at connections you have here. Now notice here I have a connection called ICA-tcp and RDP-tcp. So in the days of pure terminal server, you had only this one connection, this RDP-tcp connection, and that affected how users connected via RDP. Well now I have a new one here called the ICA-tcp connection, which affects the users that are connecting via ICA. So, all these settings here that are terminal source-specific settings, also apply when I’m using Presentation Server. ‘Cause the one thing that’ s important to remember is that Presentation Server is just an add-on. It rides on top of Terminal Server. So if I make a licensing change, or if I make some kind of change to temporary folders, or some kind of terminal server level change, well any configuration changes that I make here also apply when users are connecting via Presentation Server, ‘cause again, Presentation Server is just sitting on top of Terminal Server. Now going back into this management console here, we actually have a tab here called Policies. And we can configure policies that affect the Citrix Presentation Server users when they connect via ICA protocol. I’m not going to talk about policies at all here, because there is another Citrix technology video that I did that covers in-depth information of Policies. But the key here, though, is that as a Presentation Server administrator you can use Citrix policies to configure what your users do. Now again these Citrix policies are separate from Microsoft group policy objects that you might have stored in active directory. And in fact, any group policies you have applied that might affect locking down a desktop, or making things available and unavailable, you can still use those policies. Now you may not have to use them as much, ‘cause, for example, maybe you’re using Microsoft group policy objects to specify who has access to which applications. Well, of course, within the world of Presentation Server, you can make the application available, and then you can actually go in and change the application properties. And this will show you what users can access applications, ‘cause remember we have now a sort of an application-centric approach to access, not a service-centric approach access. So there may be some things that you have configured to be a group policy that you don’t need to do any more via group policy. You can now do this via Presentation Server policies and Presentation Server publish application permissions. But, in general, all these settings you have applied via your group policies are also going to apply, because, again, Presentation Server is riding on top of Terminal Server. So in continuing on this sort of Citrix policies versus active directory group policies, if I jump back on a server that has the group policy object editor open, you’ll see of course that I have many terminal services specific settings. And again, all of these settings that you configure via active directory are still going to apply, even when users are connecting via Presentation Server. But that’s okay, ‘cause most of these settings are affecting kind of lower lever Windows-type settings. Whereas, if I look in my management console for the Citrix standpoint, and I look at the configuration of a Citrix policy, you’ll see that these Citrix policy settings mostly apply to Citrix-specific settings. So the idea is that you’re going to use both of these in the real world. You’ll use Citrix policies to apply your specific Citrix Presentation Server settings. These will be riding on top of your Microsoft active directory group policies, which are kind of setting more lower level Windows settings. So this brings us onto printing. Printing, I think, has always been a very complex area of configuration in the server-based computing environments. And that’s true both with Terminal Server and with Citrix Presentation Server. Fortunately, Citrix has done a lot of work to try to make sure printing works as easily as possible. Now, I’m not going to go into the details of printing in Presentation Server, because a buddy of mine, Sean Bass, has actually recorded one of these Citrix technology videos for Citrix that covers all the details of printing. So, if you’re interested in printing, check out his video. But I do want to mention a couple of things. If you’re using Terminal Server today, you’re probably familiar with the fallback driver capability Microsoft added to service pack one for Windows 2003. This is basically capability that allows you to use a generic driver if the proper printer driver is not installed on a terminal server when a user connects. Well, Citrix has similar kind of functionality--they call it the universal printing instead of the fallback driver--and that’s been around for a while, and it’s worked pretty well. And Citrix has some other little advantages here and there. But the major change, though, is, starting with Presentation Server 4, Citrix has built a brand new EMF-based printing service. So what happens is, instead of using a spooler service, an always kind of old single-threaded, not really designed for server based computing stuff, Citrix now has their own built-from-scratch printing service that manages printer creation and manages print jobs. It’s very efficient, it’s multi-threaded, it’s not rendering jobs and the servers, so it’s really good stuff. So again, I’m not going to go into the details of that, because you can check out Sean’s video in order to see that. But the key is that, if you are using the fallback printing capabilities of Terminal Server today, then you want to migrate those toward the EMF based printing, that universal printing capability that Citrix has now. And, in fact, if I jump back onto my server and we look at that policy where we just were, we can see that within our policy I have all sorts of options as far as how printers are created and things like that. So these are all created via Citrix policies, which I can then apply to different users and servers and connections and things like that. So, it’s pretty good stuff. Let’s now take a look at server capacity and scaling, because this is something that’s very interesting. You know, people always want to get more users on their servers and think of how they build their servers—should we build bigger servers or more smaller servers, and how all that stuff kind of works out. I’m not going to go too far into these details of how you scale a server within this video. But I just want to say a couple of things, and that’s, number one, is that Citrix has a lot of performance-enhancement technology built right into their products. So, for example, Citrix has CPU management from a company called Aurema built into their product. They have memory management from a company called RTO Software built into their product. So what this means is, that when you’re using Presentation Server—and I should say both of these two products are available in the Enterprise Edition of Presentation Server—but when you’re using Citrix Presentation Server, you will get more users on your box than if you’re using a pure terminal server, just because Citrix has licensed these technologies. It’s built into the price of what you get when you buy Citrix. Same with that printing. We just mentioned that printing service in the previous slide. Well, again, that printing service uses a customized Citrix service to do printing, instead of using a spooler service. So in busy printing environments, you would be able to put more users on a server, because printing is not going to be quite as process intensive. There’s another thing here not mentioned on the slide, but something called application isolation environments. And Doug Brown has made a Citrix technology video about application isolation environments, so you can look more in-depth into that. But application isolation environments is technology that allows you to install two applications that normally conflict with each other together on the same server. And that also is built into the Citrix Presentation Server Enterprise Edition product. So my point is, all these little technologies—you get a little here, a little there, a little there—Citrix really has found a lot of technologies and built a lot of technologies into their product that allow more users and more applications to run on servers. Of course, you can also go 64 bit now with Citrix and that’s a whole other topic altogether. But if you’re running X 64 terminal servers, you can run X 64 Citrix as well and scale up that way. The bottom line, is that if you have a pretty large environment and you’ve got more than a handful of servers, you may actually want to take a look at how many servers you’re building and how users are connecting, because you’ll probably be able to get more users per server once you go into the Presentation Server environments. From the monitoring standpoint--this is also another very important thing from the administrative standpoints and, of course, there’s many different ways to monitor your existing terminal server environments—Citrix within the Enterprise Edition of their product has this capability called resource management. And if I jump onto my server right now, I’ll show you that. And, oh, look here, there’s this thing called resource manager. And with resource manager, I can create alarms and statuses and set up metrics, and so I want to be alerted if different things are happening. And it’s going to page me, and it’s going to call me, and it’s going to (inaudible word) up to data base, and turn lights, you know, yellow and green and red and all sorts of things. All of that capability is built into the Enterprise Edition of Presentation Server. So if you don’t have a monitoring solution that’s in place right now, you’re going to get that out of the box with Citrix. The other thing, though, is if you’re using something like Microsoft Operations Manager, and you have that in place, Citrix has a MOM management pack. So you can install that management pack and plug Citrix metrics and Citrix monitoring right into your existing MOM environment. So it will integrate there very smoothly. Now a final couple of things to keep in mind, is that if you have a bunch of WMI scripts, and you’re one of these people that wants to script everything and make configuration changes and read things and status and all that kind of stuff, Citrix does have a WMI provider. So all of the new functionality that Citrix adds into an existing environment, you can also access via WMI. Again, I’m not going to into that within this video, ‘cause that’s kind of off topic. But it’s important to know that that is there, and that’s available for you. So, the final thing I want to kind of mention, is I want to talk about some of the various command line tools. Now if you go to Citrix’s web site and download the Administrator’s Guide for Presentation Server, in the appendix they list all sorts of command line tools and all sorts of different things. But I want to focus on a couple things. There’s a tool called DSCHECK, and you can run that. That validates the consistency of that centralized configuration data base that Citrix uses. And if you have a problem with the data base, you can run DSCHECK/CLEAN, and that’s going to go ahead and try to fix the consistency errors. Think of it like CHECKDISK for the centralized Citrix configuration data store data base. There’s a DSMAINT utility, which kind of stands for data store maintenance, which you can use to migrate the data base and to fail it over into the changed data bases and do all sorts of stuff like that. You’ve also got all sorts of different things that change the port that ICA protocol uses, change the port to the backend Citrix system you use as they talk to each other. It does all sorts of interesting stuff like that. Citrix also makes changes to the command line tools that we know. So, you know that there’s this utility called QUERY.EXE that comes with your terminal server environment. And so you can use query to find out what processes are running on what servers, and things like that. Well, when you install Citrix Presentation Server, it adds some new functionality to that query tool. So if I jump back here on my presentation server and go to command line, by typing query here, you see I’ve got many more options than if I was on just a pure terminal server. So I can do things like Query Farm. And this shows me things like the service area on my farm, and which addresses I have, and who’s connected, and which ones are my data collectors, and things like that. All these things, by the way, have many, many more options you can look at to see what you can do and find out all sorts of things about that. So, I can also do things like query process and get information about processes that are running. I can do things like query session and see the sessions that are running. So, I have the old tools, I have the new tools, I have everything kind of in here and all put together. And, so again, Citrix really makes it so that you can do a lot from the command line. They have their whole scripting interface if you want to script and do other things on your own. So there’s really a lot of kind of stuff you can do there. So we’ve gone through a lot of stuff that Citrix offers on top of Terminal Server and what you need to think about as you move forward by migrating from Terminal Server to Presentation Server. So I guess there’s one thing I can sort of leave you with, and that is that if you have third-party tools do little things in your environment, you need to make a determination as to whether you still need to use those third-party tools once you move into a Citrix Presentation Server environment. Because really one could argue that Citrix Presentation Server is the ultimate third-party tool. And so it’s giving you load balancing. It’s giving you the seamless windows. It’s giving you this printer management and this CP management and all this kind of stuff. So really as you move forward to Presentation Server, take a look at the third-party tools you’re using now, take a look at what functionality Presentation Server offers, and then figure out what you can use Presentation Server for and what you need third-party tools for. But at the end of the day, moving from Terminal Server to Presentation Server is very easy, because Presentation Server just rides on top of Terminal Server. And, literally, within a couple hours, you can be up and running, get your whole environment on Presentation Server, get your applications published, get your policies set up, get your users set up. It’s very straightforward and very simple to do. And I wish you luck with your project. Again, my name is Brian Madden. And thank you so much for your time today